Transmission and Distribution

 OBJECTIVES: 

To make students to develop expression for computation of line parameters and develop equivalent circuits, analyze the voltage distribution in insulator strings, mechanical design of lines, substation, grounding system and  familiar with recent trends in electrical power system for the transmission and distribution. Technically and economically. 

UNIT I - TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 

Structure of Power System – Parameters of single and three phase transmission lines with single and double circuits – Resistance, inductance and capacitance of solid, stranded and bundled conductors – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing and transposition – Application of self and mutual GMD – Skin and proximity effects – Typical configurations – Conductor types and electrical parameters of EHV lines. 

UNIT II - MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES 

Performance of Transmission lines – Short line, medium line and long line – Equivalent circuits, phasor diagram, attenuation constant, phase constant, surge impedance – Transmission efficiency and voltage regulation – Real and reactive power flow in lines – Power circle diagrams– Formation of Corona – Critical Voltages – Effect on Line Performance. 

UNIT III - MECHANICAL DESIGN OF LINES 

Mechanical design of OH lines – Line Supports –Types of towers – Stress and Sag Calculation – Effects of Wind and Ice loading. – Insulators: Types – Voltage distribution in insulator string – Improvement of string efficiency – Testing of insulators. 

UNIT IV  - UNDER GROUND CABLES 

Underground cables – Types of cables – Construction of single core and 3 core cables – Insulation Resistance – Potential Gradient – Capacitance of Single-core and 3 core cables – Grading of cables – Power factor and heating of cables – DC cables. 

UNIT V - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 

Distribution Systems – General Aspects – Kelvin’s Law – AC and DC distributions – Techniques of Voltage Control and Power factor improvement – Distribution Loss –Types of Substations –Methods of Grounding – Trends in Transmission and Distribution: EHVAC, HVDC and FACTS (Qualitative treatment only). 

OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, the student will be able to: 

1. Categorize the transmission line parameters for the different conductor arrangements. 

2. Estimate the performance of various transmission line and determine the line constants. 

3. Design a transmission line of different weather conditions and illustrate the different types of insulators. 

4. Describe about the various types of Underground cables. 

5. Familiarise with the function of different components used in Transmission and Distribution levels of power system and Modelling of these components. 

TEXTBOOKS : 

1. D.P.Kothari, I.J. Nagarath, “Power System Engineering”, Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi, Second Edition, 2008. 

2. C.L.Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, New Academic Science Ltd, 2009. 

3. S.N. Singh, “Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Second Edition, 2011. 

4. B.R.Gupta, “Power System Analysis and Design”, S. Chand, New Delhi, Fifth Edition, 2008. 

5. Luces M.Fualken berry, Walter Coffer, “Electrical Power Distribution and Transmission”, Pearson Education, 2007. 

6. Arun Ingole, "Power Transmission and Distribution" Pearson Education, 2017 

7. J.Brian, Hardy and Colin R.Bayliss, “Transmission and Distribution in Electrical Engineering”, Newnes; Fourth Edition, 2012. 

8. G.Ramamurthy, “Handbook of Electrical Power Distribution,” Universities Press, 2013. 

9. V.K.Mehta, Rohit Mehta, “Principles of Power System”, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2013